Intelligence
Galton
Social Darwinism
Intelligence based on perceptual and motor abilities
RT and sensitivity to pain
Binet
First modern intelligence test
Designed to identify children who needed special schooling
Two Assumptions:
Developed Mental Age Scale
Terman
Stanford-Binet Test
Intelligence quotient
IQ = (Mental Age / Chronological Age) * 100
Standardization - rules for administering & scoring
Norms - frequency of a particular score
Early Use of IQ Tests in America
Used as scientific evidence for immigration quotas
Relied heavily on writing skills and familiarity with American culture
WWI
Test recruits
weed out the feeble-minded
make assignments
47% had Mental Ages As of 13 or less! (what’s wrong)
Intelligence Tests
IQ measures current performance, differences among people, but does not explain differences
Modern Tests
Wechsler Scales
Verbal as well as spatial skills
6 verbal subtests and 6 performance
Raven’s Progressive Matrices
Culture-fair/ Reduced test?
Attempt to measure
"abstract reasoning"
Fill in missing piece
SAT - predicts college performance
Verbal & Quantitative
How good are the new IQ tests?
Reliability
Validity
Content validity
Construct validity
Criterion validity
Predictive Validity
- predict real world performance
- grades in school
Nature vs. Nurture
Cyril Burt
Arthur Jensen
The Bell Curve
The Structure of Intelligence
1. Spearman’s g
General factor of mental ability
Specific abilities s
2. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence
Primary mental abilities savants
3. Cattell
Fluid Intelligence
Basic reasoning and problem solving
deal with unfamiliar problems
Stable until late adulthood
Crystallized Intelligence
Specific knowledge and Skills
Verbal Comprehension and Number Facility
4. Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
Componential
Internal-mental components
Analytical thinking - IQ tests
Experiential
Mediation between internal & external
Insight
see old problems in new ways
Contextual
Adaptation, ability to deal with the environment
Street Smarts
Know how to play the game
Apply components to experience and use them to adapt, select and shape your environment